Hematology Tables and Differential Diagnoses Framework
A reference sheet is an efficient tool for authoring applied learning activities because markup tag versions of tables and frameworks with author or institution-specific values can be stored and later copied and pasted into the Table builder or Framework builder respectively.
Remember: All you care about is copying the <Table> and </Table> tags for a table and the <Framework> and </Framework> tags for a framework and everything in between those two tags respectively. You can try to read the tags, but I don't recommend it.<s>
An example of an institution-specific table without values is the Hemogram shown below that contains the columns for Test names, Results (blank), Reference Intervals, and Units, but does not include entries in the Results. What makes this table institution-specific is the Reference Intervals and the grouping of individual tests.
<Table>
<Table Title>Hematology</Table Title>
<Column Headings><Column One>Test name</Column One><Column Two>Test result</Column Two><Column Three>Ref. Int.</Column Three><Column Four>Units</Column Four></Column Headings>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>RBC</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>6.0-12.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^6/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>HGB</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>10.0-18.0</Column Three><Column Four>g/dl</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>HCT</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>32.0-48.0</Column Three><Column Four>%</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>MCV</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>34.0-58.0</Column Three><Column Four>fl</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>MCH</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>13.0-19.0</Column Three><Column Four>pg</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>MCHC</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>31.0-37.0</Column Three><Column Four>g/dl</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>NRBC</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>0</Column Three><Column Four>n/100 wbc</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>ANISO</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>POLYCHR</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>HYPOCHR</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>POIK</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>WBC</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>6.0-12.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>SEG</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>3.0-6.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>BAND</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.1</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>LYMPH</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>1.5-5.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>MONO</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.6</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>EOS</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.8</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>BASO</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.3</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>META</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>MYEL</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>OTHER</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>PLT</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>100.0-600.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>PLT EST</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four></Row>
<Row><Column One>PP</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three>6.0-8.5</Column Three><Column Four>g/dl</Column Four></Row>
</Table>
The following table requires specific terms to be entered for abnormal laboratory findings. The corresponding tags are ValidObsNames and Required.
<Table>
<Table Title>Hematology</Table Title>
<Column Headings><Column One>Test name</Column One><Column Two>Test result</Column Two><Column Three>Ref. Int.</Column Three><Column Four>Units</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Column Headings>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>RBC</Column One><Column Two>13.1</Column Two><Column Three>6.0-12.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^6/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames>erythrocytosis,polycythemia</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>HGB</Column One><Column Two>19</Column Two><Column Three>10.0-18.0</Column Three><Column Four>g/dl</Column Four><ValidObsNames>erythrocytosis,polycythemia</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>HCT</Column One><Column Two>52</Column Two><Column Three>32.0-48.0</Column Three><Column Four>%</Column Four><ValidObsNames>erythrocytosis,polycythemia</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>MCV</Column One><Column Two>39.7</Column Two><Column Three>34.0-58.0</Column Three><Column Four>fl</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>MCH</Column One><Column Two>14.5</Column Two><Column Three>13.0-19.0</Column Three><Column Four>pg</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>MCHC</Column One><Column Two>36.5</Column Two><Column Three>31.0-37.0</Column Three><Column Four>g/dl</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>NRBC</Column One><Column Two>0</Column Two><Column Three> </Column Three><Column Four>n/100 wbc</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>ANISO</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>POLYCHR</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>HYPOCHR</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>POIK</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>WBC</Column One><Column Two>21.5</Column Two><Column Three>6.0-12.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames>leukocytosis</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>SEG</Column One><Column Two>13.33</Column Two><Column Three>3.0-6.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames>Neutrophilia</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>BAND</Column One><Column Two>0</Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.1</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>LYMPH</Column One><Column Two>7.31</Column Two><Column Three>1.5-5.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames>Lymphocytosis</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>MONO</Column One><Column Two>0.43</Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.6</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>EOS</Column One><Column Two>0.43</Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.8</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>BASO</Column One><Column Two>0</Column Two><Column Three>0.0-0.3</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>META</Column One><Column Two>0</Column Two><Column Three> </Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>MYEL</Column One><Column Two>0</Column Two><Column Three> </Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>OTHER</Column One><Column Two>0</Column Two><Column Three> </Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>PLT</Column One><Column Two>750</Column Two><Column Three>100.0-600.0</Column Three><Column Four>n*10^3/ul</Column Four><ValidObsNames>thrombocytosis</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>PLT EST</Column One><Column Two>increased</Column Two><Column Three> </Column Three><Column Four> </Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>PP</Column One><Column Two>6.5</Column Two><Column Three>6.0-8.5</Column Three><Column Four>g/dl</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>FIBR</Column One><Column Two>200</Column Two><Column Three>100.0-400.0</Column Three><Column Four>mg/dl</Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>URINALYSIS (VOIDED)</Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>COLOR</Column One><Column Two>straw</Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>TRANSP</Column One><Column Two>clear</Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>S. G.</Column One><Column Two>1.026</Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames>hypersthenuria</ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One>pH</Column One><Column Two>7.5</Column Two><Column Three>6.5-9.0</Column Three><Column Four> </Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
<Row><Column One></Column One><Column Two></Column Two><Column Three></Column Three><Column Four></Column Four><ValidObsNames></ValidObsNames><Required>false</Required></Row>
</Table>
Frameworks can be authored and stored in a similar manner as tables.
<Framework>
<Framework Title>Differential Diagnoses</Framework Title>
<Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>0</NodeCol><NodeText>Differential Diagnosis</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>1</NodeCol><NodeText>Findings that support</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>1</NodeCol><NodeText>Findings that do not support</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>0</NodeCol><NodeText>Tests to request</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>1</NodeCol><NodeText>Test</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>2</NodeCol><NodeText>Rationale for request</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>2</NodeCol><NodeText>Anticipated result</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>1</NodeCol><NodeText>Test</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>2</NodeCol><NodeText>Rationale for request</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>2</NodeCol><NodeText>Anticipated result</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry><Framework Entry><NodeAbbrev>F</NodeAbbrev><NodeCol>1</NodeCol><NodeText>Initial treatment</NodeText><NodeNarrative></NodeNarrative></Framework Entry>
</Framework>
Many different frameworks can be stored in the same reference sheet for pasting into various applied learning activities depending on the learning objectives of each activity. As a side note, after several activities have been completed by learners using a framework, the framework can be omitted to determine to what extent learners have internalized the framework, or have come to rely on its presence.